Chipinda choziziritsira cha thermoelectric, choziziritsira cha peltier (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti zigawo zoziziritsira za thermoelectric) ndi zida zoziziritsira zokhazikika kutengera mphamvu ya Peltier. Zili ndi ubwino wosasuntha makina, wopanda firiji, waung'ono, woyankha mwachangu, komanso wowongolera kutentha molondola. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito zawo zamagetsi, zachipatala, magalimoto ndi zina zapitilira kukula.
I. Mfundo Zazikulu za makina oziziritsira a thermoelectric ndi zigawo zake
Pakati pa kuzizira kwa thermoelectric ndi Peltier effect: pamene zipangizo ziwiri zosiyana za semiconductor (mtundu wa P ndi mtundu wa N) zipanga thermocouple pair ndipo direct current ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbali imodzi ya thermocouple pair imayamwa kutentha (kumapeto kozizira), ndipo mbali inayo imatulutsa kutentha (kumapeto kotentha). Mwa kusintha komwe mphamvu ikupita, mbali yoziziritsira ndi kumapeto kotentha zimatha kusinthana.
Kugwira ntchito kwake kozizira kumadalira makamaka magawo atatu ofunikira:
Choyezera cha thermoelectric cha merit (mtengo wa ZT): Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chowunikira momwe zinthu zoyezera thermoelectric zimagwirira ntchito. Mtengo wa ZT ukakwera, mphamvu yozizira imakwera.
Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa malekezero otentha ndi ozizira: Mphamvu ya kutentha kumapeto kwa kutentha imatsimikiza mwachindunji mphamvu yoziziritsira kumapeto kozizira. Ngati kutentha sikuli kosalala, kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa malekezero otentha ndi ozizira kudzachepa, ndipo mphamvu yoziziritsira idzatsika kwambiri.
Mphamvu yogwira ntchito: Mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yoziziritsira kumawonjezera mphamvu yoziziritsira. Komabe, mphamvu yogwira ntchito ikapitirira malire, kutentha kwa Joule kumachepa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa Joule.
II Mbiri ya chitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa mayunitsi oziziritsira a thermoelectric (makina oziziritsira a peltier)
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko cha zigawo zoziziritsira za thermoelectric chayang'ana kwambiri mbali ziwiri zazikulu: kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi kukonza kapangidwe kake.
Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwapamwamba
Mtengo wa ZT wa zinthu zachikhalidwe zochokera ku Bi₂Te₃ wawonjezeka kufika pa 1.2-1.5 kudzera mu doping (monga Sb, Se) ndi chithandizo cha nanoscale.
Zipangizo zatsopano monga lead telluride (PbTe) ndi silicon-germanium alloy (SiGe) zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwapakati komanso kwapamwamba (200 mpaka 500℃).
Zipangizo zatsopano monga zinthu zopangidwa ndi thermoelectric zopangidwa ndi organic-inorganic ndi zotetezera kutentha zikuyembekezeka kuchepetsa ndalama ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Kukonza kapangidwe ka zigawo
Kapangidwe ka Miniaturization: Konzani ma thermopile a micron-scale kudzera muukadaulo wa MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira za miniaturization zamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza modular: Lumikizani mayunitsi angapo a thermoelectric motsatizana kapena motsatizana kuti mupange ma module amphamvu kwambiri a thermoelectric cooling, ma peltier coolers, zida za peltier, zomwe zikwaniritsa zofunikira pakuziziritsa kwa thermoelectric kwa mafakitale.
Kapangidwe kophatikizana kotulutsa kutentha: Phatikizani zipsepse zoziziritsira ndi zipsepse zotulutsa kutentha ndi mapaipi otenthetsera kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka konse.
III Zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayunitsi oziziritsa a thermoelectric, zigawo zoziziritsa za thermoelectric
Ubwino waukulu wa mayunitsi oziziritsira a thermoelectric uli mu mkhalidwe wawo wolimba, kugwira ntchito popanda phokoso, komanso kuwongolera kutentha molondola. Chifukwa chake, amakhala pamalo osasinthika m'malo omwe ma compressor sali oyenera kuziziritsira.
Mu gawo la zamagetsi a ogula
Kutaya kutentha kwa mafoni: Mafoni apamwamba kwambiri ali ndi ma module oziziritsa a micro thermoelectric, ma module a TEC, zida za peltier, ma module a peltier, omwe, pamodzi ndi makina oziziritsira amadzimadzi, amatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chip mwachangu, kupewa kuchepetsa pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri panthawi yamasewera.
Mafiriji a magalimoto,Mafiriji oziziritsira magalimoto: Mafiriji ang'onoang'ono a magalimoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woziziritsira wa thermoelectric, womwe umaphatikiza ntchito zoziziritsira ndi zotenthetsera (kutenthetsa kumatha kuchitika posintha njira yamagetsi). Ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake, osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo amagwirizana ndi magetsi a 12V agalimoto.
Chikho choziziritsira chakumwa/chikho chotetezedwa: Chikho choziziritsira chonyamulika chili ndi mbale yoziziritsira yaing'ono yomangidwa mkati, yomwe imatha kuziziritsa zakumwa mwachangu mpaka madigiri 5 mpaka 15 Celsius popanda kudalira firiji.
2. Magawo azachipatala ndi azamoyo
Zipangizo zowongolera kutentha molondola: monga zida za PCR (zipangizo zochitira unyolo wa polymerase) ndi mafiriji a magazi, zimafuna malo okhazikika otentha pang'ono. Zigawo zoziziritsira za semiconductor zimatha kuwongolera kutentha moyenera mkati mwa ±0.1℃, ndipo palibe chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa refrigerant.
Zipangizo zachipatala zonyamulika: monga mabokosi oziziritsira a insulin, omwe ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake komanso okhala ndi batri yayitali, ndi oyenera kunyamula odwala matenda ashuga akamatuluka, kuonetsetsa kuti insulin imasungidwa bwino.
Kuwongolera kutentha kwa zida za laser: Zigawo zazikulu za zida zamankhwala zothandizira laser (monga ma laser) zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo zigawo zoziziritsira za semiconductor zimatha kutulutsa kutentha nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino.
3. Mafakitale ndi malo oyendera ndege
Zipangizo zoziziritsira za mafakitale ang'onoang'ono: monga zipinda zoyesera zamagetsi zokalamba ndi malo osambira otentha nthawi zonse, omwe amafunikira malo otentha pang'ono, mayunitsi ozizira a thermoelectric, zigawo za thermoelectric zitha kusinthidwa ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira ngati pakufunika.
Zipangizo zamlengalenga: Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zili mumlengalenga zimavutika kutulutsa kutentha pamalo opanda mpweya. Makina oziziritsira a thermoelectric, mayunitsi oziziritsira a thermoelectric, zigawo za thermoelectric, monga zida zolimba, ndi zodalirika kwambiri komanso zopanda kugwedezeka, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera kutentha kwa zida zamagetsi m'ma satellite ndi malo osungira zinthu zakuthambo.
4. Zochitika zina zomwe zikubwera
Zipangizo Zovalidwa: Zipewa zoziziritsira ndi zovala zoziziritsira, zokhala ndi mbale zoziziritsira zosinthika za thermoelectric, zimatha kuziziritsira thupi la munthu m'malo otentha kwambiri ndipo ndizoyenera ogwira ntchito panja.
Zinthu zonyamula unyolo wozizira: Mabokosi ang'onoang'ono onyamula unyolo wozizira, oyendetsedwa ndi kuzizira kwa thermoelectric, kuzizira kwa peltier ndi mabatire, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula katemera ndi zipatso zatsopano patali popanda kudalira magalimoto akuluakulu oziziritsa.
IV. Zofooka ndi Kukula kwa Njira Zoyendetsera Ma Unit Oziziritsira a thermoelectric, ndi Zida Zoziziritsira za Peltier
Zoletsa zomwe zilipo
Mphamvu yoziziritsira ndi yotsika: Chiŵerengero chake cha mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito bwino (COP) nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa 0.3 ndi 0.8, chomwe chimakhala chotsika kwambiri kuposa kuziziritsira kwa compressor (COP imatha kufika 2 mpaka 5), ndipo sichiyenera kuziziritsira kwakukulu komanso kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Zofunikira pakuchotsa kutentha kwambiri: Ngati kutentha kumapeto kwa kutentha sikungathe kutulutsidwa pakapita nthawi, kudzakhudza kwambiri kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, kuyenera kukhala ndi njira yothandiza yochotsera kutentha, yomwe imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina.
Mtengo wokwera: Mtengo wokonzekera zipangizo zamagetsi zotentha kwambiri (monga Bi₂Te₃ yopangidwa ndi nano-doped) ndi wokwera kuposa wa zipangizo zoziziritsira zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zapamwamba zikhale zokwera mtengo.
2. Zochitika zamtsogolo pa chitukuko
Kupambana kwa zinthu: Pangani zipangizo zamagetsi zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo za ZT, ndi cholinga chowonjezera kutentha kwa ZT m'chipinda kufika pa 2.0 ndikuchepetsa kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito compressor refrigeration.
Kusinthasintha ndi kuphatikiza: Pangani ma module osinthasintha a thermoelectric cooling, ma module a TEC, ma module a thermoelectric, zida za peltier, ma module a peltier, ma cooler a peltier, kuti agwirizane ndi zida zopindika pamwamba (monga mafoni osinthasintha pazenera ndi zida zanzeru zovalidwa); Limbikitsani kuphatikiza zida zoziziritsira za thermoelectric ndi ma chips ndi masensa kuti mukwaniritse "kulamulira kutentha kwa chip-level".
Kapangidwe kosunga mphamvu: Mwa kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa Internet of Things (iot), kuyendetsa bwino kwa zida zoziziritsira kumachitika, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse.
Chidule cha V.
Magawo oziziritsira a thermoelectric, magawo oziziritsira a peltier, makina oziziritsira a thermoelectric, omwe ali ndi ubwino wawo wapadera wokhala olimba, chete komanso olamulidwa bwino ndi kutentha, ali ndi udindo wofunikira m'magawo monga zamagetsi, chisamaliro chamankhwala ndi ndege. Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa zinthu za thermoelectric komanso kapangidwe kake, nkhani za magwiridwe antchito ake ozizira komanso mtengo wake zidzakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo akuyembekezeka kusintha ukadaulo wachikhalidwe woziziritsira m'zochitika zinazake mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-12-2025
