Kuziziritsa kwa Peltier (ukadaulo woziziritsa wa thermoelectric kutengera mphamvu ya Peltier) kwakhala imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zowongolera kutentha kwa zida za PCR (polymerase chain reaction) chifukwa cha momwe zimachitikira mwachangu, kuwongolera kutentha molondola, komanso kukula kochepa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, kulondola, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PCR. Izi ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa ntchito ndi zabwino za kuziziritsa kwa thermoelectric (kuziziritsa kwa peltier) kuyambira pazofunikira zazikulu za PCR:
I. Zofunikira Zazikulu Zowongolera Kutentha mu Ukadaulo wa PCR
Njira yaikulu ya PCR ndi kuzungulira kobwerezabwereza kwa denaturation (90-95℃), annealing (50-60℃), ndi extension (72℃), zomwe zili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa dongosolo lowongolera kutentha.
Kukwera ndi kutsika kwa kutentha mwachangu: Kufupikitsa nthawi ya kuzungulira kamodzi (mwachitsanzo, zimatenga masekondi ochepa kuti zitsike kuchokera pa 95℃ mpaka 55℃), ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito;
Kuwongolera kutentha kolondola kwambiri: Kupatuka kwa ±0.5℃ mu kutentha kwa annealing kungayambitse kukulitsa kosafunikira, ndipo kuyenera kulamulidwa mkati mwa ±0.1℃.
Kufanana kwa kutentha: Ngati zitsanzo zambiri zikuchitapo kanthu nthawi imodzi, kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa Zitsime za zitsanzo kuyenera kukhala ≤0.5℃ kuti tipewe kupotoka kwa zotsatira.
Kusintha kwa Miniaturization: Ma PCR onyamulika (monga momwe zimayesedwera pa malo ogwirira ntchito) ayenera kukhala ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake komanso opanda zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina.
II. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Koyambira kwa Kuziziritsa kwa Thermoelectric mu PCR
Module ya thermoelectric Cooler TEC, Thermoelectric cooling module, peltier module imakwaniritsa "kusinthana kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira mbali zonse ziwiri" kudzera mu direct current, zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zofunikira pa PCR pakuwongolera kutentha. Ntchito zake zapadera zikuwonetsedwa m'mbali izi:
1. Kukwera ndi kugwa kwa kutentha mwachangu: Fupikitsani nthawi yochitira zinthu
Mfundo: Posintha njira ya magetsi, TEC module, thermoelectric module, chipangizo cha peltier chimatha kusinthana mwachangu pakati pa "kutentha" (pamene magetsi ali patsogolo, mapeto otengera kutentha a TEC module, peltier module imakhala mapeto otulutsa kutentha) ndi "kuzizira" (pamene magetsi ali kumbuyo, mapeto otulutsa kutentha amakhala mapeto otengera kutentha), ndipo nthawi yoyankha nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera sekondi imodzi.
Ubwino: Njira zoziziritsira zachikhalidwe (monga mafani ndi ma compressor) zimadalira kutentha kapena kayendedwe ka makina, ndipo kutentha ndi kuzizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 2℃/s. Pamene TEC iphatikizidwa ndi ma block achitsulo otenthetsera kwambiri (monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu), imatha kupeza kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa 5-10℃/s, kuchepetsa nthawi ya PCR imodzi kuchokera pa mphindi 30 mpaka mphindi zosakwana 10 (monga mu zida za PCR zothamanga).
2. Kuwongolera kutentha kolondola kwambiri: Kuonetsetsa kuti kukulitsa kumadziwika bwino
Mfundo: Mphamvu yotulutsa (mphamvu yotenthetsera/yoziziritsa) ya TEC module, thermoelectric cooling module, thermoelectric module imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya current. Kuphatikiza ndi masensa otentha olondola kwambiri (monga platinamu resistance, thermocouple) ndi PID feedback control system, current imatha kusinthidwa nthawi yeniyeni kuti ikwaniritse kuwongolera kutentha molondola.
Ubwino: Kulondola kwa kutentha kumatha kufika ±0.1℃, komwe kuli kokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa bafa yamadzimadzi yachikhalidwe kapena compressor refrigeration (±0.5℃). Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutentha komwe mukufuna panthawi yothira madzi ndi 58℃, TEC module, thermoelectric module, peltier cooler, peltier element imatha kusunga kutentha kumeneku mokhazikika, kupewa kumangirira kwa ma primer chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha komanso kukulitsa kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa amplification.
3. Kapangidwe kakang'ono: Kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha PCR yonyamulika
Mfundo: Kuchuluka kwa gawo la TEC, element ya peltier, chipangizo cha peltier ndi masentimita ochepa okha (mwachitsanzo, gawo la TEC la 10×10mm, gawo loziziritsa la thermoelectric, gawo la peltier lingakwaniritse zofunikira za chitsanzo chimodzi), lilibe magawo osuntha amakina (monga pisitoni ya compressor kapena masamba a fan), ndipo silifuna refrigerant.
Ubwino: Pamene zida za PCR zachikhalidwe zimadalira ma compressor kuti azizire, kuchuluka kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitirira 50L. Komabe, zida za PCR zonyamulika pogwiritsa ntchito thermoelectric cooling module, thermoelectric module, peltier module, TEC module zitha kuchepetsedwa kufika pa 5L (monga zida zogwiridwa ndi manja), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyesedwa m'munda (monga kuyesa pamalopo panthawi ya mliri), kuyesa kuchipatala pafupi ndi bedi, ndi zina zotero.
4. Kutentha kofanana: Onetsetsani kuti zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana
Mfundo: Mwa kukonza ma seti angapo a ma TEC arrays (monga ma TEC ang'onoang'ono 96 ofanana ndi mbale ya 96-well), kapena kuphatikiza ndi ma block achitsulo ogawana kutentha (zipangizo zoyendetsera kutentha kwambiri), kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ma TEC kumatha kuchepetsedwa.
Ubwino: Kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa zitsanzo za Wells kumatha kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa ±0.3℃, kupewa kusiyana kwa mphamvu yowonjezereka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kosasinthasintha pakati pa m'mphepete mwa Wells ndi pakati pa Wells, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zotsatira za zitsanzozo zikufanana (monga kusinthasintha kwa ma CT values mu real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR).
5. Kudalirika ndi kukhazikika: Kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali
Mfundo: TEC ilibe ziwalo zogwiritsidwa ntchito, imatha kugwira ntchito kwa maola opitilira 100,000, ndipo sifunikira kusintha ma refrigerant nthawi zonse (monga Freon mu compressors).
Ubwino: Nthawi yapakati ya moyo wa chipangizo cha PCR choziziritsidwa ndi compressor yachikhalidwe ndi pafupifupi zaka 5 mpaka 8, pomwe makina a TEC amatha kukulitsa mpaka zaka zoposa 10. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza kumafuna kuyeretsa sinki yotenthetsera, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza zida.
III. Mavuto ndi Kukonza Mapulogalamu
Kuziziritsa kwa semiconductor sikwabwino mu PCR ndipo kumafuna kukonza bwino:
Choletsa Kutaya Kutentha: Pamene TEC ikuzizira, kutentha kwakukulu kumasonkhana kumapeto kwa kutulutsa kutentha (mwachitsanzo, kutentha kukatsika kuchoka pa 95℃ kufika pa 55℃, kusiyana kwa kutentha kumafika pa 40℃, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha imawonjezeka kwambiri). Ndikofunikira kuigwirizanitsa ndi njira yothandiza yotaya kutentha (monga zitsime zotenthetsera zamkuwa + mafani a turbine, kapena ma module ozizira amadzimadzi), apo ayi izi zipangitsa kuti kuziziritsa kuchepe (komanso kuwonongeka kwambiri).
Kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: Pa kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu ya TEC imakhala yokwera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya TEC ya chipangizo cha PCR cha 96-well imatha kufika 100-200W), ndipo ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mopanda mphamvu kudzera mu ma algorithms anzeru (monga kuwongolera kutentha kolosera).
Iv. Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Mwanzeru
Pakadali pano, zida zazikulu za PCR (makamaka zida za PCR zowunikira nthawi yeniyeni) nthawi zambiri zagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woziziritsira wa semiconductor, mwachitsanzo:
Zipangizo za mu labotale: Chida cha PCR cha fluorescence quantitative PCR cha mtundu winawake, chokhala ndi TEC temperature control, chokhala ndi kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa 6℃/s, kulondola kwa kutentha kwa ±0.05℃, komanso kuthandizira kuzindikira mphamvu ya 384-well high-throughput.
Chipangizo chonyamulika: Chipangizo china cha PCR chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja (cholemera zosakwana 1kg), kutengera kapangidwe ka TEC, chingathe kuzindikira kachilombo ka corona mkati mwa mphindi 30 ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika monga ma eyapoti ndi madera.
Chidule
Kuziziritsa kwa thermoelectric, komwe kuli ndi ubwino wake waukulu wa kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kulondola kwambiri komanso kuchepera mphamvu, kwathetsa mavuto ofunikira a ukadaulo wa PCR pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, kulunjika, komanso kusinthasintha kwa malo, kukhala ukadaulo wamba wa zida zamakono za PCR (makamaka zida zothamanga komanso zonyamulika), ndikulimbikitsa PCR kuchokera ku labotale kupita kumadera ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito monga pafupi ndi bedi lachipatala komanso kuzindikira komwe kuli pamalopo.
TES1-15809T200 ya makina a PCR
Kutentha kwa mbali yotentha: 30 C,
Imax: 9.2A,
Mphamvu yamagetsi: 18.6V
Qmax: 99.5 W
Delta T max: 67 C
ACR：1.7 ± 15% Ω （1.53 mpaka 1.87 Ohm）
Kukula: 77 × 16.8 × 2.8mm
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-13-2025
